Friday, March 15, 2024

Bitcoin as Entropy Engine?

The bitcoin blockchain, never transitioned to a proof of stake protocol.  It remained as a proof of work decentralized cryptocurrency, which I believe is superior.  The thing is as hardware more efficient at running the algorithm emerged, such as gpus at first, and later ASICs.  The energy consumption increased, this spending of energy increases entropy.  

It is conceivable that in some yet to be known mechanism, given that increasing price of bitcoin increases bitcoin calculations and thus energy expenditure and entropy, the increase in entropy somehow promotes an increase in price. That given that systems with persistent organization tend to produce even more entropy, than would otherwise occur, this is the case.

Such systems, or structures are called dissipative structures or dissipative systems.   Civilization may be such a system or structure.  For more on Dissipative system - Wikipedia follow the Wikipedia link.

But bitcoin not only increases entropy via energy consuming hardware being promoted in the search for bitcoin by miners, but also via its price increase.   How?  The increasing price of bitcoin generates wealth, as some individuals and companies can take loans against it or can sell the bitcoin at ever higher prices.   The movement of ever greater sums of money, can lead to the movement of lots of real-world resources. And any economic activity or movement of resources will in turn burn energy and generate entropy.

This virtuous cycle of price increases begetting entropy, which in some unknown way seems to foster even higher price, seems like an unstoppable cycle.   Like a flame some unknown factor may extinguish it, but it seems like it would be favored by physics.  And bar some catastrophic event such as societal collapse, a solar flare, or something highly disruptive, I think it may be the case that bitcoin will continue to thrive for years to come.

Monday, December 11, 2023

RESVERATROL BENEFITS AND LIFESPAN EXTENSION

  Graph showing life extension in various species



extend the lifespan of yeast up to 70%

 Treatment of flies in early adulthood with 100 μM resveratrol was shown to extend mean lifespan [16]. The same dose of resveratrol was demonstrated to increase mean worm lifespan also, without any changes in fecundity

 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925443915000216

Both aging accelerated as well as normal but shorter lived mice strains also experienced life extension

Beginning at two months of age, the mice were divided to receive a standard diet, or a diet supplemented with resveratrol. In SAMP8 mice fed a standard diet, the median life expectancy was 10.4 months in comparison with the SAMR1 group which survived a median of 17.8 months. However, in SAMP8 mice given resveratrol, median life expectancy increased to 14 months, and SAMR1 mice that received the compound experienced a median life span of 21.8 months. Maximum life span, determined by the longest-lived 20 percent of animals in each group, was also greater in animals that received resveratrol.

 https://www.lifeextension.com/newsletter/2013/3/resveratrol-increases-life-span-in-mice

In the new study — which compared the genetic crosstalk of animals on a restricted diet with those fed small doses of resveratrol — the similarities were remarkable, explains lead author Jamie Barger of Madison-based LifeGen Technologies. In the heart, for example, there are at least 1,029 genes whose functions change with age, and the organ’s function is known to diminish with age. In animals on a restricted diet, 90 percent of those heart genes experienced altered gene expression profiles, while low doses of resveratrol thwarted age-related change in 92 percent. The new findings, say the study’s authors, were associated with prevention of the decline in heart function associated with aging.

 https://news.wisc.edu/agent-in-red-wine-found-to-keep-hearts-young/

Despite lengthening the lifespan of most short lived species its been tried on, the reason resveratrol might not work as effectively in longer lived species could be due to the age related decline in NAD+ seen in longer lived species.  This is because resveratrol is believed to work primarily through the activation of multiple sirtuins, and sirtuins use NAD+, a decline in NAD+ hinders their function and resveratrol's effectiveness.

It is likely nad+ boosters like NMN, NR, Nicotinic Acid, Apigenin, among others may counter the age related declines in NAD+ enough that resveratrol may continue to function. 

In some studies in mice it was found resveratrol lengthened telomeres but did so more strongly in younger versus old animals.   This again could be due to the age related decline in NAD+

reference for telomere lengthening effect of resveratrol https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7735524/

Neuron Lifespan quotes and research

With neurons, nature developed biological immortality at the cellular level, but the animals needed to die to make way for the new generations, to allow for increased evolvability, or evolution rate, of the species.   Even in lowly rodents the neurons are capable of vastly outliving these short lived mammals.

“Neurons do not have a fixed lifespan,” says Magrassi. “They may survive forever. It’s the body that contains them that die. If you put them in a longer-living body, they survive as long as the new body allows them to. It increases our hope that extending lifespan will not necessarily result in brain depleted of neurons.”

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/neurons-could-outlive-the-bodies-that-contain-them


https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1217505110