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The exceptions to rate of living theory were explained by membrane pacemaker theory. Some have argued against it based on polyunsaturate composition of membranes but even here mitochondrial membrane differences and differences in other membrane molecules like plasmalogens explains this exceptions.
All in all reducing damage production explains between species differences in lifespan and also the way things like calorie restriction work.
Too severe CR is not good for humans at least Ive heard of some severe CR practitioners suffering significant bone loss.
I think 2 to 3 days of fasting mimicking diet combined with 4 to 5 days of high food based calcium intake with d3 k2 is probably good.
That said substances that improve mitochondrial function like urolithin a ergothioneine and pqq sound promising. As is sources of plasmalogens or their precursors.
But with age membranes are changed such that their function worsens and they are more easily damaged. Iirc these is due to changes in composition and the origin of these detrimental changes are unknown. But Calorie Restriction opposes the body changing membranes in detrimental ways. Also CR opposes many detrimental gene expression changes. And it also has lots of good changes to parameters.
A brief comment on the membranes the membrane pacemaker theory of aging is based on membrane damage not being simple damage but the creation of autocatalytic reactive molecules able to cross both lipid and acqueous compartments damaging all parts of the cell including dna.
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